In foreign affairs, Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams favored a policy of conciliation with Britain and a policy of expansionism against the Spanish Empire. As president, Monroe signed the Missouri Compromise, which admitted Missouri as a slave state and banned slavery from territories north of the 36☃0′ parallel. The Federalist Party collapsed as a national political force during his tenure and Monroe was re-elected, virtually unopposed, in 1820. Monroe's presidency was concurrent with the Era of Good Feelings. His wartime leadership established him as Madison's heir apparent, and he easily defeated Federalist candidate Rufus King in the 1816 presidential election. During the later stages of the War of 1812, Monroe simultaneously served as Madison's Secretary of State and Secretary of War. He unsuccessfully challenged Madison for the Democratic-Republican nomination in the 1808 presidential election, but in 1811 he joined Madison's administration as Secretary of State. Monroe fell out with his longtime friend James Madison after Madison rejected the Monroe–Pinkney Treaty that Monroe negotiated with Britain. Monroe won the election as Governor of Virginia in 1799 and strongly supported Jefferson's candidacy in the 1800 presidential election.Īs President Jefferson's special envoy, Monroe helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase, through which the United States nearly doubled in size.
He left the Senate in 1794 to serve as President George Washington's ambassador to France but was recalled by Washington in 1796. In 1790, he won election to the Senate, where he became a leader of the Democratic-Republican Party. As a delegate to the Virginia Ratifying Convention, Monroe opposed the ratification of the United States Constitution. After studying law under Thomas Jefferson from 1780 to 1783, he served as a delegate in the Continental Congress. ambassador to France and Britain, the seventh Secretary of State, and the eighth Secretary of War.īorn into a slave-owning planter family in Westmoreland County, Virginia, Monroe served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He also served as governor of Virginia, a member of the United States Senate, U.S. dominance, empire, and hegemony in the hemisphere. He is perhaps best known for issuing the Monroe Doctrine, a policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas while effectively asserting U.S. A member of the Democratic-Republican Party, Monroe was the last president of the Virginia dynasty and the Republican Generation his presidency coincided with the Era of Good Feelings, concluding the First Party System era of American politics. James Monroe ( / m ə n ˈ r oʊ/ mən- ROH April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831) was an American statesman, lawyer, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fifth president of the United States from 1817 to 1825. 4th United States Minister to the United Kingdomĭelegate from Virginia to the Congress of the Confederation
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