patent medicines within the 19th century, is an evil over which the friends of science and humanity can never cease to mourn." He followed up in 1659 with a 134-page epistle on how the newly-discovered tobacco was a cure for physical and mental disorders, entitled "Panacea Or The Universal Medicine: Being a Discovery of the Wonderfull Vertues of Tobacco Taken in a Pipe, with Its Operation and Use Both in Physick and Chyrurgery" The rise of "patent medicines" In 1581 the Dutch doctor Giles Everard (also known as Gilles Everaerts) published a book "On the Panacea Herb" which implied that the newly-discovered tobacco was the long-lost ancient panacea. The Latin genus name of ginseng is Panax, (or "panacea") reflecting Linnean understanding that traditional Chinese medicine used ginseng widely as a cure-all. The Cahuilla people of the Colorado Desert region of California used the red sap of the elephant tree ( Bursera microphylla) as a panacea. History Ancient medicine Īncient Greek and Roman scholars described various kinds of plants that were called panacea or panaces, such as Opopanax sp., Centaurea sp., Levisticum officinale, Achillea millefolium and Echinophora tenuifolia. Aglæa/Ægle (the goddess of beauty and splendor)Īccording to the mythology, Panacea had an elixir or potion with which she was able to heal any human malady, and her name has become interchangeable with the name of the cure itself.Aceso (the goddess of the healing process).Iaso (the goddess of recuperation from illness).Hygieia ("Hygiene", the goddess of cleanliness, and sanitation).In Greek mythology, Panacea was one of the daughters of the Greek god of medicine Asclepius, along with her four sisters, each of whom performed one aspect of health care:
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